Group of 20: Leader's Summit
Chair: Mario Salinas 6020
Moderator: Pablo Siliceo Portugal
Topic A: Arm industry and traffic, important economic developer: a threat to world security
With the end of the cold war, devastation wrought by armed conflicts around the world has increased; these wars are responsible of over one million victims in this decade making the arm industry an alternative business in the world market. The line between legal and illegal trades in small arms is often blurred, fueled by the necessity in new and strict regulations.
Arm trafficking has an important impact in the world security. These weapons create chaos, fuels civil wars, fill terrorists´ arsenals, arms smugglers and thieves and impose fear and a world threat more than ever.
The arm trade industry is one of the most important economic developers. Arm industry forms part of the 30-40% of a countries military budget. It is 50-60 billion dollars in sales per year. This income is increasing every month. Countries economic develop has been increasing proportional to their income in the industry.
United Nations has straighten cooperation between INTERPOL to provide better optional tools including, those for weapons identification and information sharing; also acknowledging the adoption of the Arms Trade Treaty conformed by several states and new conventions to share information all around the globe to improve and implement illicit arm trafficking law enforcements. Step by step UN has taken practical actions to prevent illicit arm transfer, eradicating accumulation of small arms and light weapons and keeping track of them.
The G20 is aware of this problem and acknowledges it as one of the most dangerous and meaningful of the past decade.
Useful links:
http://vps.stanleyfoundation.org/initiatives/un21/resources/securitycheck/illegal_arms.php
Topic B: Economic Embargoes: a threat to multilateral trade and economic development.
An embargo is the prohibition of commerce and trades given to one or more countries, usually as a way of punishment or as a way to preserve peace. Sanctions and embargoes are political trade restrictions put in place against target countries with the aim of maintaining or restoring international peace and security.
One of the Groups of 20 top priorities is strengthening growth by identifying the obstacles to be addressed in order to achieve more sustainable and balanced growth in our economies. For this to be achieved global trade has become an important factor.
Economical sanctions have proven to have different result through the years. Some countries have proven to continue their stability even with the imposed sanctions, leading the embargo to fail its objective. These mistakes have the fault in not having the clear objectives the economic restrictions needs to achieve. Resulting in an economic instability in some countries which economy depends in the state that has imposed the embargo instead of the way around.
The international community is concern about the effect in global trade and the economic development of countries due to the limitations of exporting and importing goods in an economic embargo situation. The Group of Twenty members are discussing ways to remove obstacles to trade in their growth strategies, including measures that will ease the cost of trading across borders and facilitate participation by businesses in regional and global value chains.
Useful References:
https://www.gov.uk/sanctions-embargoes-and-restrictions
https://www.g20.org/g20_priorities/g20_2014_agenda/removing_obstacles_trade
https://www.gov.uk/sanctions-embargoes-and-restrictions http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/1991/1991%20doughty%20and%20raugh.pdf